The type number stores integers between -(2**53)+1 and (2**53)-1. This follows the recommendation in RFC 8259. The range is between -9,007,199,254,740,991 and 9,007,199,254,740,991 (incl.).
API
A number looks like this when send and received over the API:
{"number":1234}
The above example has the value 1234 for column number.